Additionally, there are bots designed to automatically notify editors when they make common editing errors (such as unmatched quotes or unmatched parentheses).W 75 Edits falsely identified by bots as the work of a banned editor can be restored by other editors. Lucene was later replaced by CirrusSearch which is based on Elasticsearch.W 72 In July 2013, after extensive beta testing, a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) extension, VisualEditor, was opened to public use. Several MediaWiki extensions are installed to extend the functionality of the MediaWiki software.W 69 In April 2005, a Lucene extensionW 70W 71 was added to MediaWiki’s built-in search and Wikipedia switched from MySQL to Lucene for searching. In July 2002 (Phase III), Wikipedia shifted to the third-generation software, MediaWiki, originally written by Lee Daniel Crocker. The Phase II software was repeatedly modified to accommodate the exponentially increasing demand. These include Wikimedia chapters (which are national or sub-national organizations, such as Wikimedia Deutschland and Wikimedia France), thematic organizations (such as Amical Wikimedia for the Catalan language community), and user groups.
Dancers performed artistic dances in court for entertainment purposes such as coronations, marriage celebrations, and Norouz celebrations. By the late 1940s, Ruhollah Khaleqi founded the country’s first national music society and established the School of National Music in 1949. By the time of Khosrow II, the Sasanian royal court hosted prominent musicians, namely Azad, Bamshad, Barbad, Nagisa, Ramtin, and Sarkash. Xenophon’s Cyropaedia mentions singing women at the court of the Achaemenid Empire. The use of angular harps have been documented at Madaktu and Kul-e Farah, with the largest collection of Elamite instruments documented at Kul-e Farah. As the first and biggest museum in Iran, the institution includes the Museum of Ancient Iran and the Museum of the Islamic Era.
Iran has one of the richest art heritages in history and been strong in many media including architecture, painting, literature, music, metalworking, stonemasonry, weaving, calligraphy and sculpture. Iran’s medical knowledge rank is 17th globally and 1st in the Middle East and North Africa. Literacy among people aged 15 and older was 86% as of 2016update, with men (90%) significantly more literate than women (81%).
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The western part of the Iranian plateau participated in the traditional ancient Near East with Elam (3200–539 BC), and later with other peoples such as the Kassites, Mannaeans, and Gutians. Agriculture first appeared in Iran some 12,000 years ago alongside better-documented settlements in the Fertile Crescent. The Zarzian culture is documented in Iran during the Epipaleolithic (25,000–11,500 years ago).
Iran has strict internet censorship, with the government persistently blocking social media and other sites. According to US intelligence, Iran does not have full control over these state and non-state groups. Iran has long supported organizations in North Africa in countries like Algeria and Tunisia.
While the IRIAF protects the country’s sovereignty in a traditional capacity, the IRGC is mandated to ensure the integrity of the Republic against foreign interference, coups, and internal riots. Iran is a member of dozens of international organizations, including the G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, IDA, NAM, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, OIC, OPEC, WHO, and the UN, and currently has observer status at the WTO. Iran is one of the few countries in the world that has a good relationship with both North and South Korea. It most notably includes the Hezbollah in Lebanon, Islamic Resistance and Popular Mobilization Forces in Iraq, and the Houthi movement in Yemen.j It sometimes includes Hamask and a variety of other Palestinian militant groups. Iran maintains diplomatic relations with 165 countries, but not the United States and Israel—a state which Iran derecognized in 1979. The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics, although it has taken on cases involving laypeople.
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The Qajar dynasty gradually increased in power as they clashed with the Afsharids and the Zands for control of the land, culminating in Agha Mohammad Shah proclaiming himself ruler in 1789. They first staked their claim to power on behalf of the Safavid puppet Ismail III (r. 1750–1773) and then on behalf of the Iranian people. The Safavids failed to regain power and the Hotaks failed to establish control.
The brief interlude between 1722 and the rise of the Qajar dynasty in 1789–1796 was marked by widespread political turmoil in Iran and several rival attempts to establish power over the country. The Timurids maintained control of most of Iran until 1452, when they lost the bulk of it to the Qara Qoyunlu, who were conquered by the Aq Qoyunlu in 1468. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfahan, killing 70,000 people. Timur’s campaigns were known for their brutality; many people were slaughtered and several cities were destroyed.
There are several types of courts, including public courts that deal with civil and criminal cases, and revolutionary courts, which deal with certain offenses, such as crimes against national security. The Rahbar directly controls regional policy, with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs tasks limited to protocol and ceremonial occasions. The east consists mostly of desert basins, such as the Kavir Desert, which is the country’s largest desert, and the Lut Desert, as well as salt lakes. Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 mi2), making it is the sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and the second-largest in West Asia.
The Wall Street Journal cited the array of rules applied to editing and disputes related to such content among the reasons for this trend. Around 1,800 articles were added daily to the encyclopedia in 2006; by 2013 that average was roughly 800.W 9 A team at the Palo Alto Research Center attributed this slowing of growth to “increased coordination and overhead costs, exclusion of newcomers, and resistance to new edits”. Due to fears of commercial advertising and lack of control, users of the Spanish Wikipedia forked from Wikipedia to create Enciclopedia Libre in February 2002.W 7 Wales then announced that Wikipedia would not display advertisements and changed Wikipedia’s domain from wikipedia.com to wikipedia.org.W 8 The English Wikipedia passed the mark of 2 million articles on September 9, 2007, making it the largest encyclopedia ever assembled, surpassing the Yongle Encyclopedia made in China during lanista casino the Ming dynasty in 1408, which had held the record for almost 600 years. Wikipedia gained early contributors from Nupedia, Slashdot postings, and web search engine indexing.
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